CleveMed Blogs

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The signs of Parkinson’s disease can be classified into three main categories: primary motor symptoms, secondary motor symptoms, and non-motor symptoms. Since Parkinson’s disease symptoms can range from motor to cognitive, coping with Parkinson’s disease can be very challenging.

Primary Motor Symptoms:

The primary Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms include resting tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability.

• Resting Tremor, the most common primary motor symptom of PD affects approximately 70% of people with Parkinson’s disease.¹ Tremor can affect the hand, foot, one side of the body, the jaw, and even the face. Since PD’s tremor is characterized mostly by resting tremor, the tremor occurs when the affected body part is not doing work and it usually subsides when the individual begins an action. Severe tremor can impair a person’s ability to perform everyday tasks, such as eating and getting dressed. (View video)
• Bradykinesia is characterized by slowed movements and incomplete movements. Furthermore, individuals who experience bradykinesia may have difficulty initiating movements, as well as sudden stopping of an ongoing movement, often called “freezing”.¹ Bradykinesia can significantly affect tasks such as walking.
• Rigidity is characterized by stiffness and inflexibility of the muscles.
• Postural Instability is characterized by impaired balance and coordination.

It is clear that the presence of one or more of the primary PD motor symptoms can be extremely detrimental to an individual’s quality of life.

Secondary Motor Symptoms:

The secondary Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms include symptoms such as stooped posture, fatigue, speech problems, and loss of facial expressions. Some individuals affected by PD may also experience drooling, difficulty swallowing, and sexual dysfunction.

Non-motor Symptoms:

Furthermore, there are non-motor symptoms of PD, which include confusion, sleep disturbances, constipation, skin problems, depression, anxiety, slowed thinking, urinary problems, fatigue, loss of energy, and compulsive behavior.

As I mentioned before, because Parkinson’s disease symptoms can range from motor to cognitive, coping with Parkinson’s disease can be very challenging.Currently, relatively little is known about the disease, and many research groups are attempting to determine both the cause and source of PD. Studying the symptoms with appropriate tools (like wireless accelerometers) can give clinicians and researchers clues into the underlying mechanisms that cause them.

CleveMed continues to design and build medical devices to monitor and measure Parkinson’s disease symptoms.

Hello! My name is Danielle Madere, a recent graduate from Illinois Institute of Technology with a bachelor’s degree in biomedical engineering. In the past month, I was lucky to join the CleveMed family as their newest biomedical engineer.

My first two weeks on the job consisted of gaining familiarity with some of our devices: Kinesia, KinetiSense, and the BioRadio. There was also much training, many meetings, and assisting with grant writing.

In the coming months, I will be focusing a lot of my time on clinical studies for several movement disorder monitoring products that we are currently focusing on, specifically ETSense, ParkinStep, and PDRemote. I will be organizing meetings with patients, collecting symptom data, and performing some preliminary analysis to ensure the data we are collecting is valid.

I am very excited to work with CleveMed’s Movement team because I truly believe that our devices, such as Kinesia HomeView, will revolutionize the way clinicians treat movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Presently, Parkinson’s disease symptoms are rated by the clinician, based solely on the clinician’s subjective opinion of the severity (UPDRS). Additionally, clinicians only see the patient for a very limited window of time in their office, which does not provide significant insight into the symptoms a patient faces at home, where treatment really matters. Kinesia HomeView will allow clinicians to observe the quality of life of a patient throughout the course of a day in the comfort of their own home, and adjust medication doses and frequency accordingly.

The more closely I interact with Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor patients, the more desperately I want to help improve their quality of life, and CleveMed gives me that opportunity, which I am eternally grateful for.

In recent years, exercise has steadily received more attention for its benefits in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Not only improving general health, but also alleviating PD-specific motor symptoms such as tremor and bradykinesia. Refer to previous blog entry to learn more about the progression of treatment options for PD patients as the disease advances and the potential benefits and advantages of incorporating exercise into the daily routine.

Continued efforts in research studies are being performed across the country to understand the neurophysiological link between exercise and PD-specific motor symptoms. However, clinicians are also promoting exercise to encourage patients in taking a more proactive role in their treatment. One such example, Drs. Riley and Walter at the University Hospital (Cleveland, OH) are hosting the Parkinson’s Disease Boot Camp, a hands-on learning experience highlighting exercise techniques from experts in the field (physical training, rehabilitation, dance, yoga, etc). The event will be held on Saturday May 22nd, 2010. For more information, click here!

CleveMed will also be participating in the event, using our Kinesia™ system to rate participants before and after exercise. Kinesia uses motion sensor technology to evaluate PD motor symptoms and advanced algorithms to automatically generate severity scores.

One of the most difficult aspects of monitoring Parkinson’s disease (PD) motor symptoms, is that the severity of tremor and bradykinesia (slowed movements) greatly fluctuates throughout the day.

When medication is at its peak effectiveness, the patient is said to be “On.” Similarly, when medication has completely worn off, the subject is said to be “Off.” Symptoms are often worst first thing in morning, but improve after the first dose of medication. However, as the medication wears off, symptoms return mid-day. These cycles of waxing and waning motor symptoms continue throughout the day. Controlling these “On” and “Off” cycles can be difficult, as patients with PD are typically evaluated in the neurologists’ office, which only allows the physician to capture a snapshot of motor symptoms. Furthermore, patients typically are instructed to refrain from taking medication the night prior to the office visit. A state of anxiety in this condition may amplify PD symptoms during motor evaluation. Monitoring motor symptoms at home would provide clinicians with improved tracking of these complex motor fluctuations and in-turn optimize medication dose to improve patient quality of life.

Kinesia is a compact wireless system developed by CleveMed to quantify movement disorder symptoms. In clinical trials, Kinesia objectively quantified tremor and bradykinesia in PD patients in the clinic. Objective symptom ratings output by the Kinesia system were highly correlated to clinician ratings. CleveMed has recently begun a clinical study in which the Kinesia system is being used throughout the day, at home, by patients with PD. Preliminary results demonstrate that Kinesia can capture the “On” and “Off” motor symptom fluctuations in a subject’s home. Monitoring PD symptoms on a more continuous basis at a patient’s home should improve clinical outcomes and decrease costs especially for disparate patient populations in areas not in close proximity to movement disorder specialists.